{"id":2055,"date":"2025-03-17T16:36:46","date_gmt":"2025-03-17T21:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.medicaldistrictvet.com\/blog\/?p=2055"},"modified":"2025-03-17T16:36:46","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T21:36:46","slug":"urinary-changes-in-your-pets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.medicaldistrictvet.com\/blog\/urinary-changes-in-your-pets\/","title":{"rendered":"Urinary Changes in Your Pets"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Leer en espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is always an unhappy surprise when we find a spot of urine somewhere other than the litter box or a potty pad. Especially when it\u2019s on your pile of clothes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Knowing your pet’s normal urine schedule can be a great help for getting to the bottom of episodes that are outside their routine. Urine changes in a cat or a dog can be caused by very mild to very severe and potentially fatal medical conditions, so it is important to address any changes quickly. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

This blog addresses various health conditions that can lead to urinary changes in cats and dogs. You\u2019ll learn clinical signs to watch for, diagnostic tests performed to help determine the cause of these changes, possible medical or surgical treatment options, and what to expect long term. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, the bladder, and the ureters (which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder). Although a dog or cat can get an infection in any of these three regions, bladder infections are the most common.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Clinical signs may include polyuria, which means frequent urine episodes, such as going in and out of the litter box, or having multiple small streams of urine instead of one large stream. Other clinical signs range from blood in the urine, pain or discomfort when urinating, and posturing to urinate with no urine being produced to odorous urine or lethargy, indicating your pet is not feeling well or is uncomfortable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An easy inexpensive diagnostic test that can be performed to rule in\/out a UTI is a urinalysis. This is a great screening test that allows us to assess the urine for pH changes, specific gravity, crystals, bacteria, white blood cells, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although a free-catch sample (a sample collected at home) is great, a cystocentesis can be performed in the clinic to obtain a sterile sample. After an ultrasound is used to find the bladder, a sterile needle is inserted to obtain a sample externally. If bacteria are present, the patient has a UTI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once a UTI is confirmed, the next step is a urine culture, which means that the laboratory will grow the bacteria in the urine and let us know what antibiotic will treat the infection. Follow-up rechecks with your veterinarian are important to assure that the infection is cleared, as bacteria can become resistant to antibiotics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Once the infection is gone, the pet\u2019s prognosis is good. Patients with recurrent UTIs may need a long-term prescription urinary diet to keep their pH at a level that does not allow bacteria to grow. This diet will help prevent new infections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bladder Stones and Crystals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stones start off as crystals in the bladder. Crystals may arise due to a variety of factors, such as pH changes and increased urine concentration. Bladder stones come in many types, including struvite, calcium oxalate, urate, cysteine, xanthine, and calcium phosphate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fun Facts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. What are the two most common types of bladder stones?<\/strong>
    Struvite and Calcium Oxalate<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. What type of bladder stone is commonly associated with urinary tract infections?\u00a0<\/strong>
    Struvite<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Which bladder stone is hormonally dependent and more common in a male dog that has not been neutered?<\/strong>
    Cysteine<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Why are Dalmatians predisposed to urate stones?<\/strong>\u00a0(Urate stones are a type of kidney stone formed when uric acid crystals accumulate in the urinary tract.)
    Dalmatians have a gene mutation that interferes with uric acid metabolism, causing high levels of uric acid in the body, which concentrates in the urine and leads to stones.\u00a0<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Clinical signs of bladder stones include straining to urinate, dribbling urine, blood in the urine, and pain\/discomfort when urinating. Bladder stones can be diagnosed via ultrasound of the bladder and abdominal radiographs. If large enough, they can even be palpated manually. Keep in mind that certain types of bladder stones are not visible on radiographs, so it is important to assess the patient as a whole. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    It is always important to check a urine sample to look for an infection. Struvite stones are commonly associated with UTIs. Once the UTI is cleared, then the stone can dissolve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    If a UTI is not present or if a UTI is cleared and a stone remains, then the next step is a prescription urinary diet. The goal of the prescription diet is to change the pH of the urine to allow the stone to dissolve and prevent new stone formation. Some patients may not need to be on a prescription urinary diet long term, however, most patients will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    If the patient is on a urinary diet and the stone is not dissolving or getting smaller, then the next step is surgery. A cystotomy is a surgical procedure performed to remove the stone from the patient’s bladder. Left untreated, stones can become large enough to make urination difficult, which can lead to blockage and life-threatening situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Your pet should be urinating daily. A blocked cat or dog is a medical emergency. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kidney Disease<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    The kidneys help produce urine and remove toxins from the body. They also help manage hydration, blood pressure, production of red blood cells, and calcium\/ phosphorus balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The filtration unit of the kidney is called a nephron. As a patient ages, so do the nephrons. If kidney tissue ceases to do its job of filtration, normal function cannot be maintained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Clinical signs of kidney disease include polyuria (increased frequency of urination), polydipsia (increased water intake), decreased appetite, vomiting, and lethargy in advanced cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kidney disease is diagnosed via blood screening tests along with clinical signs. Kidney disease is irreversible. Treatment depends on the stage and severity of kidney disease. The patent will likely need to be on a prescription kidney diet long term. It is important to check blood pressure, as many patients will have to be on additional medications. If left untreated, kidney disease can be fatal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Endocrine Conditions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    A few conditions related to hormones result in urinary changes in pets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hypothyroidism results from decreased thyroid hormone production by the thyroid gland. This condition is more common in dogs than in cats. Clinical signs include weight gain, polyuria, polydipsia, and fatigue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, is an overproduction of thyroid and is more common in cats. Clinical signs include weight loss, ravenous appetite, polyuria, and polydipsia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hypo\/hyperthyroidism can be diagnosed via routine blood work and are both medically managed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Diabetes mellitus is caused by a deficiency in insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. Diabetes can be diagnosed via routine blood work, a fructosamine, along with clinical signs. Clinical signs include polyuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    With elevated glucose levels in the bloodstream, glucose can spill into the urine in high amounts. Glucose in the urine can lead to bacteria growth leading to urinary tract infections, which are common findings in diabetic patients. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Treatment for diabetes entails daily subcutaneous insulin injections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bladder Tumors<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Bladder tumors, unfortunately, display similar signs to both urinary tract infections and bladder stones. These include straining to urinate, dribbling urine, blood in the urine, pain\/discomfort when urinating, and abdominal pain\/discomfort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    A bladder tumor may be suspected if, during a cystocentesis, the ultrasound indicates an abnormality in the bladder. If large enough, bladder tumors can also be seen on radiographs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Treatment of a bladder tumor depends on the type of tumor and will be determined by working with a veterinary oncologist. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    As you can see, urinary changes can range from mild to severe. As veterinarians, our job is to investigate the underlying cause of your pet\u2019s health changes. If you notice any urinary changes in your pet, please see your local veterinarian. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u2014 Dr. Ang\u00e9lica Calder\u00f3n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    Cambios de Orina en Sus Mascotas<\/h1>\n\n\n
    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Read in English<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Siempre es una gran sorpresa cuando encontramos una mancha de orina de nuestra mascota en alg\u00fan lugar que no sea apropiado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conocer el horario normal de micci\u00f3n de tu mascota puede ser una gran herramienta para lidiar con cualquier episodio que se salga de su rutina habitual. Los cambios en la orina de un gato o un perro pueden ser causados  por condiciones m\u00e9dicas desde muy leves hasta muy graves y potencialmente fatales, por eso es importante visitar a su veterinario cuando note cambios de orina en sus mascotas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Discutiremos varias condiciones de salud que pueden provocar cambios urinarios en gatos y perros y sus signos cl\u00ednicos a monitorear, pruebas de diagn\u00f3stico realizadas para ayudar a determinar la causa de los cambios, opciones m\u00e9dicas o quir\u00fargicas (si es necesario), mantenimiento y pron\u00f3stico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Infecci\u00f3n del Tracto Urinario<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    El tracto urinario est\u00e1 formado por los ri\u00f1ones, los ur\u00e9teres y la vejiga. Aunque un perro o un gato pueden contraer una infecci\u00f3n en cualquiera de estas tres regiones, las infecciones de la vejiga son las m\u00e1s comunes. Algunos signos cl\u00ednicos incluyen poliuria (episodios frecuentes de orina), como entrar y salir de la caja de arena o tener m\u00faltiples chorros peque\u00f1os de orina en lugar de un chorro grande. Otros signos cl\u00ednicos incluyen sangre en la orina, dolor o malestar al orinar, posturas para orinar sin producir orina, orina con olor y letargo si su mascota no se siente bien o est\u00e1 inc\u00f3moda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Una prueba de diagn\u00f3stico sencilla y econ\u00f3mica que se puede hacer para descartar una infecci\u00f3n urinaria es un an\u00e1lisis de orina. Esto nos permite evaluar la orina en busca de cambios de pH, gravedad espec\u00edfica, cristales, bacterias, gl\u00f3bulos blancos, etc. Aunque una muestra de orina recogida en casa es una buena opci\u00f3n, se puede hacer una cistocentesis en la cl\u00ednica para obtener una muestra est\u00e9ril. Esto se realiza mediante el uso de un ultrasonido para encontrar la vejiga; luego se utiliza una aguja est\u00e9ril para obtener una muestra externa. Si hay bacterias, se confirma la presencia de una infecci\u00f3n urinaria en el paciente. Una vez confirmada la infecci\u00f3n urinaria, el siguiente paso es un cultivo de orina, lo que significa que el laboratorio har\u00e1 crecer las bacterias en la orina y nos informar\u00e1 qu\u00e9 antibi\u00f3tico tratar\u00e1 la infecci\u00f3n. Los controles de seguimiento con su veterinario son importantes para asumir que la infecci\u00f3n se ha curado, ya que las bacterias pueden volverse resistentes a los antibi\u00f3ticos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Algunos pacientes con infecciones urinarias recurrentes necesitar\u00e1n una dieta urinaria prescrita a largo plazo para mantener el pH en un nivel que no permita el crecimiento de bacterias, lo que ayudar\u00e1 a prevenir nuevas infecciones. Una vez que la infecci\u00f3n haya desaparecido, el pron\u00f3stico es bueno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1lculos y Cristales en la Vejiga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Los c\u00e1lculos comienzan como cristales en la vejiga y pueden deberse a diversos factores, como cambios de pH y aumento de la concentraci\u00f3n de orina. Existen muchos tipos de c\u00e1lculos en la vejiga, como los de estruvita, oxalato de calcio, urato, ciste\u00edna, xantina, fosfato de calcio, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Datos curiosos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    1. Cu\u00e1les son los dos tipos m\u00e1s comunes de c\u00e1lculos en la vejiga? <\/strong>
      Estruvita y oxalato de calcio<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Qu\u00e9 tipo de c\u00e1lculo en la vejiga se asocia com\u00fanmente con infecciones del tracto urinario<\/strong>?
      Estruvita<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Qu\u00e9 c\u00e1lculo en la vejiga depende de las hormonas y es m\u00e1s com\u00fan en un perro macho intacto?<\/strong>
      Ciste\u00edna<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. Por qu\u00e9 los d\u00e1lmatas est\u00e1n predispuestos a los c\u00e1lculos de urato?<\/strong>
      Los d\u00e1lmatas tienen una mutaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica que interfiere con el metabolismo del \u00e1cido \u00farico y causa altos niveles de \u00e1cido \u00farico en el cuerpo, que se concentra en la orina y produce c\u00e1lculos.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Los signos cl\u00ednicos incluyen esfuerzo para orinar, goteo de orina, sangre en la orina, dolor o malestar al orinar, etc. Los c\u00e1lculos en la vejiga se pueden diagnosticar con ultrasonido de la vejiga y radiograf\u00edas abdominales; si son lo suficientemente grandes, incluso se pueden palpar manualmente si est\u00e1n grandes. Hay ciertos tipos de c\u00e1lculos en la vejiga que no son visibles en las radiograf\u00edas, por lo que es importante evaluar a todo el paciente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Siempre es importante analizar una muestra de orina para evaluar si hay una infecci\u00f3n, ya que los c\u00e1lculos de estruvita se asocian com\u00fanmente con las infecciones urinarias. Una vez que se cura la infecci\u00f3n urinaria, el c\u00e1lculo puede disolverse. Si no hay una infecci\u00f3n urinaria o si se cura y queda un c\u00e1lculo, el siguiente paso es una dieta urinaria recetada. El objetivo de la dieta recetada es cambiar el pH de la orina para permitir que el c\u00e1lculo se disuelva y evitar la formaci\u00f3n de nuevos c\u00e1lculos. Depende de cada paciente si necesitar\u00e1 seguir una dieta urinaria recetada a largo plazo, pero la mayor\u00eda de los pacientes lo har\u00e1n. Si el paciente sigue una dieta urinaria y el c\u00e1lculo no se disuelve o no se hace m\u00e1s peque\u00f1o, el siguiente paso es la cirug\u00eda. Una cistotom\u00eda es un procedimiento quir\u00fargico que se realiza para extraer el c\u00e1lculo de la vejiga del paciente. Si no se trata, los c\u00e1lculos pueden llegar a ser lo suficientemente grandes como para dificultar la micci\u00f3n, lo que puede provocar un bloqueo y situaciones potencialmente mortales. Su mascota debe orinar a diario. Un gato o perro bloqueado es una emergencia m\u00e9dica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Enfermedad Renal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Los ri\u00f1ones ayudan a producir orina y a eliminar toxinas del cuerpo. Tambi\u00e9n ayudan a controlar la hidrataci\u00f3n, la presi\u00f3n arterial, la producci\u00f3n de gl\u00f3bulos rojos y el equilibrio calcio\/f\u00f3sforo. La unidad de filtraci\u00f3n del ri\u00f1\u00f3n se llama nefrona. Cuando una mascota envejece, las nefronas tambi\u00e9n envejecen. Sin tejido renal funcional no se puede mantener una funci\u00f3n normal. Los signos cl\u00ednicos de la enfermedad renal incluyen poliuria (aumento de la frecuencia de micci\u00f3n), polidipsia (aumento de la ingesta de agua), disminuci\u00f3n del apetito, v\u00f3mitos y letargo si est\u00e1 avanzado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      La enfermedad renal se diagnostica por an\u00e1lisis de sangre y signos cl\u00ednicos. La enfermedad renal es irreversible y el tratamiento depende de la etapa de la enfermedad y de lo avanzada que est\u00e9. Es probable que el paciente deba seguir una dieta renal recetada a largo plazo. Es importante controlar la presi\u00f3n arterial, ya que muchos pacientes deber\u00e1n tomar medicamentos adicionales. Si no se trata, la enfermedad renal puede ser mortal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Condiciones de Endocrinas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      El hipotiroidismo es el resultado de una disminuci\u00f3n de la producci\u00f3n de hormona tiroidea por parte de la gl\u00e1ndula tiroides, m\u00e1s com\u00fan en los perros. Los signos cl\u00ednicos incluyen aumento de peso, poliuria, polidipsia y fatiga. Por el contrario, el hipertiroidismo es m\u00e1s com\u00fan en los gatos y es la sobreproducci\u00f3n de hormonas. Los signos cl\u00ednicos incluyen p\u00e9rdida de peso, apetito voraz, poliuria y polidipsia. El hipotiroidismo y el hipertiroidismo se pueden diagnosticar mediante an\u00e1lisis de sangre de rutina y ambos se tratan con medicamentos. Como puede ver, estas afecciones tambi\u00e9n implican cambios urinarios en una mascota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      La diabetes mellitus es causada por una deficiencia de insulina, que es producida por el p\u00e1ncreas. La diabetes se puede diagnosticar mediante an\u00e1lisis de sangre de rutina, una fructosamina, junto con los signos cl\u00ednicos. \u00daltimamente, el tratamiento implica inyecciones subcut\u00e1neas diarias de insulina. Los signos cl\u00ednicos incluyen poliuria (micci\u00f3n excesiva), polidipsia (ingesta excesiva de agua) y p\u00e9rdida de peso. Con niveles elevados de glucosa en el orine, la glucosa puede derramarse en la orina en grandes cantidades. La glucosa en la orina puede provocar el crecimiento de bacterias que provocan infecciones del tracto urinario, que son hallazgos comunes en pacientes diab\u00e9ticos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tumores de Vejiga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Los tumores de vejiga pueden presentar s\u00edntomas similares a las infecciones del tracto urinario y a los c\u00e1lculos vesicales, como esfuerzo para orinar, goteo de orina, sangre en la orina, dolor o malestar al orinar y dolor o malestar abdominal. Se puede sospechar un tumor de vejiga si se observa una anomal\u00eda en ultrasonido mientras se examina la vejiga durante una cistocentesis. Si son lo suficientemente grandes, los tumores de vejiga tambi\u00e9n se pueden ver en las radiograf\u00edas. Una vez que se diagnostica un tumor de vejiga, el tratamiento se basa en el tipo de tumor. Aqu\u00ed es donde el due\u00f1o de la mascota trabajar\u00e1 junto con un onc\u00f3logo veterinario para determinar el mejor plan de tratamiento para su mascota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Como puede ver, los cambios urinarios pueden variar de leves a graves y nuestro trabajo como veterinario es investigar la causa subyacente de los cambios en la salud de su mascota. Si nota alg\u00fan cambio urinario en su mascota, consulte a su veterinario local.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u2014 Dr. Ang\u00e9lica Calder\u00f3n<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Leer en espa\u00f1ol It is always an unhappy surprise when we find a spot of urine somewhere other than the litter box or a potty pad. Especially when it\u2019s on your pile of clothes. Knowing your pet’s normal urine schedule can be a great help for getting to the bottom of episodes that are outside […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2055","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-for-dogs","category-cats-meow"],"yoast_head":"\nUrinary Changes in Your Pets | University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.medicaldistrictvet.com\/blog\/urinary-changes-in-your-pets\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urinary Changes in Your Pets | University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Leer en espa\u00f1ol It is always an unhappy surprise when we find a spot of urine somewhere other than the litter box or a potty pad. Especially when it\u2019s on your pile of clothes. 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